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Hoan Kiem turtle
The Hoàn Kiếm turtle (''Rafetus leloii'') is a controversial taxon of turtle from Southeast Asia, with one known living specimen in Hoàn Kiếm Lake in Hanoi, Vietnam. This individual is affectionately known as Cụ Rùa, meaning “great grandfather turtle” in Vietnamese. Although some Vietnamese scientists insist that the ''leloii'' is a distinct species from the Yangtze giant softshell turtle ''Rafetus swinhoei'', most authorities classify it as synonymous with the latter species.〔Farkas, B and Webb, R.G. 2003. ''Rafetus leloii Hà Dinh Dúc, 2000—an invalid species of softshell turtle from Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam (Reptilia, Testudines, Trionychidae).'' Zool. Abhandl. (Dresden), 53: 107-112.〕 If the two “forms” are to be considered identical, there are four living specimens left in the world.
==Classification==
Through work by Farkas et al., most authorities classify ''leloii'' as a junior synonym of the Yangtze giant softshell turtle.〔 However, some Vietnamese biologists, such as Hà Đình Đức, who first described ''leloii'', and Le Tran Binh insist that the two turtles are not the same species. Le points out genetic differences as well as differences in morphology. However, Farkas et al. repeated their 2003 conclusion in 2011, stating that differences between specimens may be due to age and that the genetic sequences used were never sent to GenBank. They also criticized the fact that Le ''et al.'' violated ICZN Code by renaming the species from ''leloii'' to ''vietnamensis'' on the grounds of “appropriateness”. Another genetic test was done in 2011 when the turtle was rescued and cleaned, which allegedly showed it to be female and distinct from the ''R. swinhoei'' of China and Đồng Mô, Vietnam. However, the results were not formally announced, and some are skeptical of these results, given the difficulty of sexing turtles and the lack of the claimed genetic proof.
Đức has also hypothesized that Emperor Thái Tổ of the Lê Dynasty brought the turtles from Thanh Hóa Province and released them in Hoàn Kiếm Lake. Recently, Đức and some researchers found skeletons of giant turtles in Yên Bái, Phú Thọ and Hòa Bình provinces.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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